Students in “African Perspectives in the Ancient Mediterranean” engaged with a variety of evidence throughout the course, from Pharaonic literature to Ptolemaic iconography. The visual essays below touch upon a number of themes that were central to our class discussions, but overwhelmingly try to answer the following question: how did African cultures define identity, and how were those identities expressed, oppressed, or transformed over time?

Understanding
Egyptian Society

Colonial Interactions

Race and Ethnicity
Then and Now

Coinage and Identity